Once Upon a Time: A Short History of Fairy Tale Page 17
Sendak, Maurice, Caldecott & Co: Notes on Books and Pictures (London: Reinhardt Books, 1988).
Sumpter, Caroline, The Victorian Press and the Fairy Tale (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
Uglow, Jenny, Words and Pictures: Writers, Artists and a Peculiarly British Tradition (London: Faber, 2012).
CHAPTER 6. ON THE COUCH: HOUSE-TRAINING THE ID
Bettelheim, Bruno, The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales (London: Thames & Hudson, 1976).
Bly, Robert, Iron John: A Book about Men (Shaftesbury: Element Books, 1991).
Frank, Arthur W., Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio-Narratology (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2010).
Freud, Sigmund, ‘The “Uncanny” ’, in Sigmund Freud, Art and Literature, Vol. 14 of The Penguin Freud Library, ed. and trans. James Strachey (London: Penguin, 1990).
Hoffmann, E. T. A., The Best Tales of Hoffmann, ed. E. F. Bleiler (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1967).
Mavor, Carol, Reading Boyishly: Roland Barthes, J. M. Barrie, Jacques-Henri Lartigue, Marcel Proust, and D. W. Winnicott (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008).
Sexton, Anne, Transformations (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1971).
Stephenson, Craig E., Possession: Jung's Comparative Anatomy of the Psyche (London: Routledge, 2009).
CHAPTER 7. IN THE DOCK: DON’T BET ON THE PRINCE
Adam, Helen, A Helen Adam Reader, ed. Kristin Prevallet (Orono, Me.: The National Poetry Foundation, 2007).
Bernheimer, Kate, ed., Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Women Writers Explore Their Favorite Fairy Tales (New York: Anchor Books, 1998).
Bottigheimer, Ruth B., Grimms’ Bad Girls and Bold Boys: The Moral and Social Vision of the Tales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987).
Carter, Angela, The Sadeian Woman: An Exercise in Cultural History (London: Virago, 1979).
Chase, Richard, The Jack Tales (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1943).
Figes, Eva, Tales of Innocence and Experience: An Exploration (London: Bloomsbury, 2003).
Franz, Marie Louise von, Problems of the Feminine in Fairytales (Dallas, Tex.: Spring Publications, Inc., 1972).
Gilbert, Sandra M., and Gubar, Susan, The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination, 2nd edn. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984 [1979]).
Haase, Donald (ed.), Fairy Tales and Feminism: New Approaches (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2004).
Sage, Lorna, ed., Flesh and the Mirror: Essays on the Art of Angela Carter (London: Virago, 1994).
Zipes, Jack, Don’t Bet on the Prince: Contemporary Feminist Fairy Tales in North America and England (New York: Gower, 1986).
CHAPTER 8. DOUBLE VISION: THE DREAM OF REASON
Bacchilega, Cristina, Postmodern Fairy Tales: Gender and Narrative Strategies (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997).
Borges, Jorge Luis, Collected Fictions, trans. Andrew Hurley (London: Penguin, 1999).
Borges, Jorge Luis, The Total Library: Non-Fiction (1922–1986), ed. Eliot Weinberger, trans. Esther Allen et al. (London: Penguin, 2007).
Bridgwater, Patrick, Kafka, Gothic and Fairy Tale (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003).
Calvino, Italo, The Complete Cosmicomix, trans. Martin McLaughlin, Tim Parks, and William Weaver (London: Penguin Books, 2010).
Calvino, Italo, If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller, trans. William Weaver (London and New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981).
Calvino, Italo, Invisible Cities, trans. William Weaver (London: Secker & Warburg, 1974).
Calvino, Italo, Six Memos for the Next Millennium, trans. Patrick Creagh (London: Jonathan Cape, 1992).
Carter, Angela, Burning Your Boats: Stories (London: Chatto & Windus, 1995).
Carter, Angela, Nights at the Circus (London: Chatto & Windus, The Hogarth Press, 1984).
Carter Angela, Wise Children (London: Chatto & Windus, 1991).
Kafka, Franz, The Complete Short Stories, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer, trans. Martin Secker (London: Vintage, 1999).
McAra, Catriona, and Calvin, David, eds., Anti-Tales: The Uses of Disenchantment (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2011).
Schwitters, Kurt, Lucky Hans and Other Merz Fairy Tales, trans. Jack Zipes (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009).
Ugrešić, Dubravka, Baba Yaga Laid an Egg, trans. Ellen Elias-Bursác, Celia Hawkesworth, and Mark Thompson (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2009).
CHAPTER 9. ON STAGE & SCREEN: STATES OF ILLUSION
Balina, Marina, Goscilo, Helena, and Lipovetsky, Mark, eds., Politicizing Magic: An Anthology of Russian and Soviet Fairy Tales (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2005).
Buch, David J., Magic Flutes and Enchanted Forests (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008).
Giroux, Henry A., The Mouse that Roared: Disney and the End of Innocence (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
Nelson, Victoria, Gothicka: Vampire Heroes, Human Gods, and the New Supernatural (Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2012).
Zipes, Jack, Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales, Children, and the Culture Industry (New York and London: Routledge, 1997).
EPILOGUE
Campo, Cristina, Gli Imperdonabili (Milan: Adelphi, 1987).
Fox, Paula, A Servant’s Tale (San Francisco: Virago, 1984).
Tatar, Maria, Enchanted Hunters: The Power of Stories in Childhood (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2009).
PUBLISHER’S ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful for permission to include the following copyright material in this book.
Quotation from Helen Adam, ‘Down There in the Dark’, copyright © the Literary Estate of Helen Adam as administered by the Poetry Collection of the University Libraries, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, and reproduced with permission.
Excerpt from ‘Cinderella’ from TRANSFORMATIONS by Anne Sexton. Copyright © 1971 by Anne Sexton. Copyright © renewed by 1999 by Linda G. Sexton. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Excerpt from ‘Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty)’ from TRANSFORMATIONS by Anne Sexton. Copyright © renewed by 1999 by Linda G. Sexton. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
INDEX
Note: Bold entries refer to illustrations.
abduction 7, 8, 13, 76
Adam, Helen 5, 132
Addison, Joseph xvii
iAdorno, Theodor 142
Afanasyev, Alexander xiv, 67
Africa 70
allegory 24, 149, 155
Alleyne, Leonora 68
Allingham, William 1
Amos, Tori 173–4
Andersen, Hans Christian xiv, 8, 108–9, 117 ‘The Emperor’s New Clothes’ 104, 117
‘The Little Mermaid’ 24, 109, 165
‘The Wild Swans’ 38
animals 21, 25–6, 27–9, 32, 106, 152
animation 167–8
animism 20, 21, 29–30
anthropology 27, 38
anti-tales 136
Apuleius, ‘The Tale of Cupid and Psyche’ 53, 88, 148–9
Arabian Nights xiii, 2–4, 21, 26, 32–3, 34–6, 39, 48 , 65, 89, 101, 103 criticism of 102
first appearance in print 47–9
historical reality 89
influence of 49
Armstrong, Isobel 13
Arnim, Achim von 54
Arnim, Bettina von 54
art, contemporary 110–12
Atwood, Margaret xiv, 63
Auden, W. H. 4
Baba Yaga xiv, 2, 3
ballads 8–9, 54, 64
Ballaster, Ros 51
ballet 158, 159–60, 161–3
Barrie, J. M. 15–16, 103
Basile, Giambattista 50–1, 53, 101 ‘The Cinderella Cat’ 52
Il Pentamerone 50, 51–3, 101, 161
‘Pinto Smalto’ 78
‘The Snake King’
36
‘Sole, Luna, e Talia’ (Sun, Moon, and Thalia) 133
Bataille, Georges 85–6
Baum, Frank L. 95
Beast Bridegroom tales 28, 39–40,92
beasts 17, 21, 27, 28, 36, 40, 90
Beaumont, Jeanne-Marie Leprince de 39–40
belief 1, 2, 8, 15–16
Benjamin, Walter 33, 71, 94, 138, 153
Berger, Pablo 174–5 , 176
Bettelheim, Bruno 113, 116, 121–5
Bewick, Thomas 98
Blake, William 9
Bloch, Ernst 146
Bloom, Harold xxii, 6–7
Bluebeard (la Barbe bleue) 49, 62, 81, 82 , 83–7, 91, 92–4
Bly, Robert 128–9
Borges, Jorge Luis xxi, 17, 50, 153
Bottigheimer, Ruth 133–5
Bourne, Matthew 174
‘The Boy Who Wanted to Learn How to Shudder’ 126–7
Breillat, Geneviève 62, 93–4
Brentano, Clemens 54, 55
Briggs, Katharine 17
Brontë, Charlotte 97–8
brothers 26–7, 37, 90, 118
Buch, David 163
Byatt, A. S. xix–xxi, 28, 116, 148
Calvino, Italo xxii, 52, 67, 73–4, 154–5
Campo, Cristina 178
Canepa, Nancy 53
cannibalism 25, 30, 79, 84, 85
Čapek, Karel 44, 153
Carroll, Lewis 4, 5, 98–9, 100 , 103–4
Carter, Angela xiv, xviii, xxi, xxiii, 8, 26, 29, 46, 70, 77, 92–3, 125, 154, 155–6, 176 The Bloody Chamber 71, 139–42, 147–8
Nights at the Circus 156
The Sadeian Woman 141
Wise Children 156, 164
Celtic faerie 14
censorship 60, 135, 153, 172–3
Central Asia xiv, 67
changelings 8
child abandonment 25, 79, 135
child abuse 79–80
child murder 85–7
children 16, 119–20, 123, 166–7 as readers of fairy tales 13–14, 101, 102–3
children’s literature 105–10
China 70, 78
Cinderella 21–3, 31–2, 51, 52, 58, 67–8, 78, 107, 122
cinema xiv–xv, xvii, 34, 142, 159, 165–8, 169–70, 171–3, 174–7
Circe 34
Clairmont, Mary Jane 103
Cocteau, Jean xiv–xv, 40
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 8–9, 11, 23, 42, 45
Colette 169
collective unconscious 61, 125
consolation 94
Corbet, Richard 12
Crane, Walter 28, 104, 134
crones 46, 51, 63, 125
cruelty 79–80
Cruikshank, George 99, 105–7
cultural identity 56–7, 62
cultural nationalism 63, 65–6, 72
curses 30, 31, 41
Darieussecq, Marie 157
Darnton, Robert 80
daughters 61, 79, 133
D’Aulnoy, Marie-Catherine 26, 29, 35 , 46–7, 49, 53
Diab, Hanna 61
Dickens, Charles xix, 107–8, 157
Disney, Walt 104, 168, 169
‘Donkeyskin’ 38, 89
doppelgängers 8
Doré, Gustave 104, 115
Douce, Francis 7
Dove, Jonathan 71
dowries 78
dreams 89, 114, 117
Dulac, Edmund 104
Dupont, Florence 64, 65
Dvořák, Antonín: Rusalka xvii, 160
East Germany 171–2
Eastern Europe 170–2
education 98, 109, 125–6
Egypt 28
emancipatory ideals 55, 94, 138, 156
enchantment 5, 19–20, 30, 32, 38
England 7, 8–11, 23, 67–8
Enlightenment 7, 156, 161, 163
eroticism 11, 40, 93, 139
Estés, Clarissa Pinkola 130
ethnography 7, 8, 69
fables, animal 28, 81
fabulism 73, 102, 152–3
faery/faerie xviii, 2, 4, 13, 14, 54, 179
fairies 1, 15
fairy godmother 31
fairy queen 10–11, 12
fairy tales 178–80 classification systems xx–xxi
condemnation of 101–2, 132–3
defining characteristics xvi–xxiii
folk tales xvi, xvii
as literature xvii
fairylands 2–5, 7–8, 15, 16–17
fairytale (adjective) xviii–xix
family 76, 78–9, 88
fantasy, kinds of 149–50
fathers 27, 38, 78, 79, 120, 124, 135, 137–8
female evil 24–5, 133, 174–5
female fairy stories 126
female sexuality 92, 122
feminism 47, 125, 131, 132–45, 174, 176
fiaba 73, 74
Figes, Eva 143–4
folklore xvi, 49, 67, 72
Force, Charlotte-Rose de La 47
Ford, H. J. 70, 104
Fouqué, Friedrich de La Motte 24
Fox, Paula 178
France 7, 46–7, 56
Frank, Arthur 129
Franz, Marie-Luise von 126
Freud, Sigmund xiv, 116, 117–21, 130, 173
Fritzl, Joseph 79–80
Gaiman, Neil 104, 148
Galland, Antoine 47, 49, 61
Germany xvi, xviii, xxi, 23, 55, 56–7, 62
giants 6, 18, 25, 106
Gilbert, Sandra 136
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 23, 24, 139
Gonzenbach, Laura 66
Gozzi, Carlo 160–1, 162
Gramsci, Antonio 95
Greece 28
Gregory, Lady xiv, 14
Grimm Brothers xviii, 23, 54–63, 65, 71, 73, 135–6 ‘Aschenputtel’ (Ashypet) 21–3, 56, 58
‘Bluebeard’ 83–5
‘Fitcher’s Bird’ 85
‘The Frog King’ 60–1
‘Hansel and Gretel’ 72, 135
‘The Juniper Tree’ 23, 26–7, 31, 39
Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children and Household Tales) xiii, 53, 55–6
‘Little Brother and Little Sister’ 37, 22
‘Playing Butchers’ 90–1
‘Rapunzel’ 31, 135
‘The Robber Bridegroom’ 83–5
‘Rumpelstiltskin’ 8
‘The Singing Bone’ 167
‘The Three Golden Hairs’ 75
‘The Twelve Brothers’ 118–19
Grimm, Jacob 57, 63
Grimm, Wilhelm 60, 63, 135–6
Gubar, Susan 136
Guest, Charlotte xiv, 68
Hamilton, Anthony 49, 102
‘Hansel and Gretel’ 26, 50, 135, 164
happy endings xxii, xxiii–xxiv, 33, 95, 177
Heaney, Seamus 95
Henson, Jim xvii
historical reality 77, 84–9, 91
Hockney, David 110, 111–12
Hoffmann, E. T. A. 120
Hofmannstahl, Hugo von 24
Holub, Miroslav xxi–xxii
hope xxii, xxiii–xxiv, 95–6, 177
horror 79–80
Humperdinck, Engelbert 164
Huysmans, J. K. 85
illusion 149, 165–6
illustrated books 98–101, 104, 105–6, 110–12
incest 38, 46, 80
India 28, 67, 70
infanticide 80
Ireland xiv, 14
Italy 56, 73
Jacobs, Joseph 67–8
James, E. L. 94
James, Henry 150
Japan 70
jinn 27, 32–3
Joan of Arc 85, 86
Jolie, Angelina 174
Jolles, André xxiii
Jung, Carl xiv, 125
Kafka, Franz 152–3, 156
Keats, John 4, 11
Khlebnikov, Velimir 158
Kingsley, Charles xix, 94
Kipling, Rudyard 16
Kirk, Robert 7, 8, 12
Kleist, Heinr
ich von 90
Kvapil, Jaroslav 160
Lamb, Charles 54
Lang, Andrew 7, 68–71, 104
Lawrence, D. H. 77
Leigh, Julia 176
Lévi-Strauss, Claude 27, 61
Lewis, C. S. 4, 33, 45, 77, 94, 95, 102, 159
L’Héritier, Marie-Jeanne 7, 47
Liddell, Alice 99
Locke, John 98, 101
Lubert, Marguerite de 47
Lucius of Samosata 149
Ludmila, St 87
Mabinogion xiv, 68
MacDonald, George 104, 113, 157, 173
MacTaggart, James 38
magic xxii, 4, 20–1 animism 29–30
manifestations of 31–3
metamorphosis 33–40
natural magic 21–4
verbal 40–3
magical realism 150–1
male sexuality 91, 92
Marais, Jean 40
Marcuse, Herbert 142
Marillier, Clément-Pierre 82
masculinity 126–30
Mavor, Carol 129
Meliès, Georges 165
Merrill, James 63
Messia, Agatuzza 66
meta-fiction 148, 149
metamorphosis 26–7, 28–9, 31, 33–40, 75
Middle East 67
Middleton, Alan 71
Minghella, Anthony xvii
Miquel, André 89
Miyazaki, Hayao 157
morality 114
Mother Goose tales 45–6
mothers 27, 32, 65–6, 68, 77, 93, 123, 133
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 163–4
Murat, Henriette-Julie de 5, 47
murder 21, 51, 85, 136, 167
mutilation 38–9
myths 34–6, 76, 179
narrative xvi, 17–18, 30, 36, 40, 70, 106; see also storytelling
natural magic 21–4
Nazi Germany 127–8
Nesbit, E. xix, 104
Newbery, John 103
nonsense 41, 49, 72, 102, 105
Novalis 19, 24, 95
nursery rhymes 41, 105
The Ocean of Story xv
ogres xiii, 25
opera 160, 161–4, 169
oral tradition xvi, 43, 64–5, 71
Paracelsus 18, 23
Pelka, Daniel 79
Percy, Thomas 8
performance 64, 65, 72, 160; see also theatre
Perrault, Charles 7, 102 ‘Bluebeard’ 83, 85
‘Cinderella’ (Cendrillon) 21, 31, 74–5
Contes du temps passé (Tales of Olden Times) xiii, 45–6
‘Donkeyskin’ (Peau-d’âne) 38, 46
‘Puss-in-Boots’ xviii, 4, 51, 59, 155